This course develops an understanding of the internal logical structure of computers with the basic structure and functioning of conventional computer systems. Discussion of conceptual techniques of assembler and machine-level programming as well as an introduction to appropriate data structures is included. The course highlights microcomputer operating systems (DOS, WINDOWS and UNIX) and the control programs they comprise as well as techniques for communicating with the operating system. The course includes such topics as multiprogramming, multiprocessing and time-shared operating systems, the virtual memory concept, and system software.